復合納米材料對土壤重金屬離子吸持固化的模擬研究

摘要: 土壤中過量重金屬離子可通過食物鏈和地表水系統(tǒng)危害人群健康。通過土柱淋溶模擬實驗，研究了SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3等復合納米材料對土壤溶液中Cu2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Ni2+的吸持與固化特征。

中文摘要:

土壤中過量重金屬離子可通過食物鏈和地表水系統(tǒng)危害人群健康。通過土柱淋溶模擬實驗，研究了SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3等復合納米材料對土壤溶液中Cu2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Ni2+的吸持與固化特征。分別向重金屬含量4倍于土壤二級標準（GB15618-1995）的土壤中添加0%、4%、6%和10%的復合納米材料，分析不同深度土壤滲濾液以及土柱上栽培植物不同部位中重金屬的含量。結果表明，堿性壤質土壤中重金屬向下的遷移量很少；在含4%復合納米材料土柱中，其吸持固化土壤溶液中63%的Cu、79%的Cd、68%的Pb、89%的Zn和76%的Ni；在含6%復合納米材料土柱中，其吸持固化土壤溶液中82%的Cu、92%的Cd、76%的Pb、91%的Zn和88%的Ni；再增加土柱中復合納米材料的含量，其吸持固化效果并不再顯著增加。

英文摘要:

People may face healthy threats due to the excess of heavy metals ion in soil transferred by food chain and surface water system. Through soil column leaching methods, we studied the sorption and fixation effects of composite nanomaterials (SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3, etc) upon Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ in soil solution. Different nano-composites (0%, 4%, 6%, 10% of soil mass) were added to the soil with the heavy metals concentrations of 4 times of Grade 2 levels in Soil Quality Standard (GB15618-1995), and then, the heavy metals concentrations in soil solution at different depths and in different organs of the plants cultivated on the soil column were analyzed. Results showed that less amount of heavy metals in alkaline loamy soil moving downward, while the soil column with 4% nano-composites absorbed 63% content of Cu, 79% of Cd, 68% of Pb, 89% of Zn and 76% of Ni in soil solution, and the soil column with 6% nano-composites absorbed 82% content of Cu, 92% of Cd, 76% of Pb, 91% of Zn and 88% of Ni in soil solution. Experimental soil column with more than 6% nano-composites in soil showed no more significant ability of absorbing heavy metals.

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